This report draws on a questionnaire survey of the top 30 urban centres in South Africa which are used to provide an idea of how these centres are approaching economic outcomes, outputs and activities. It is based on a project whose purpose is to have developed an understanding of how pro-poor Local Economic Development is interpreted and applied on the ground in South Africa. The key questions for this project include: (i) What types of outcomes are municipalities using and how are they are appropriate, notably for pro-poor LED? (ii) What types of outputs are municipalities using and how are they are appropriate, notably for pro-poor LED? (iii) What types of indicators and targets are appropriate for these?